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CPU "CPU" redirects here. For other uses, see CPU (disambiguation). microprocessor (actual size: 12×6.75 mm) in its packaging. The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. The central processing unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.[1] The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same. Early CPUs were custom-designed as a part of a larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, computer. However, this costly method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit (IC). The IC has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of these digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines. Modern microprocessors appear in everything from automobiles to cell phones and children's toys                                   KEYBOARD It is one of the most important parts of a computer which is used to enter commands, text, numerical data and other types of data by pressing the keys on the keyboard. A user talks with a computer through input devices such as keyboard and mouse. Input devices are used to enter data to a computer. The entered data then converted into machine language so that a CPU understands the data or instruction comes through the input devices. It is one of the most important parts of a computer which is used to enter commands, text, numerical data and other types of data by pressing the keys on the keyboard. A user talks with a computer through input devices such as keyboard and mouse. Input devices are used to enter data to a computer. The entered data then converted into machine language so that a CPU understands the data or instruction comes through the input devices. MOUSE It is a device used for computer input. It points and click on icons, menus, command buttons or activates something on a computer. The GUI (Graphical user interface) of current applications and programs are user friendly and easier to navigate using computer mouse.   MONITOR What are the Functions of the Monitor of the Computer? Computers by Svadilfari (http://www.flickr.com/photos/22280677@N07/2264355654/) A computer monitor is a display adapter that displays information processed by the computer's video card. When a video card or graphics card converts binary information from 1s and 0s into images, these images are displayed onto the directly connected monitor.   AVR - also known as the "Automatic Voltage Regulator" - It is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. - It regulates the sudden flow of electric current from AC supply to the PC. - It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic components. - Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.